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To shorten the research, since it was not really a mystery after the second orbital flight and appeared on all later manned missions:
Carpenter had been specifically tasked with trying to observe and photograph the particles reported by Glenn. And though he had earlier sightings -- "I have the fireflies," he affirmed -- the proof he needed came during his third orbit, again just after sunrise.
"Ah, beautiful lighted fireflies that time," reported Carpenter to the ground. "I have the fireflies they are very bright. They are capsule-emanating. I can rap the hatch and stir off hundreds of them. Rap the side of the capsule, huge streams come out. They -- some appear to glow."
"Some appear to glow but I don't believe they really do, it's just the light of the sun," he continued. Carpenter soon identified the source of his and Glenn's traveling partners. "They are little tiny white pieces of frost. I judge from this that the whole side of the capsule must have frost on it."
Glenn's "fireflies" became Carpenter's "frost-flies" or snowflakes. Condensation gathered on the outside of their spacecraft as they passed from the cold night into the warm day and then froze again, creating a layer of frost. As the spacecraft passed through sunrise, the flakes would liberate from the spacecraft, sometimes assisted by the motion of the astronaut inside.