Secret mini-shuttle due for landing as soon as Friday
BY STEPHEN CLARK
SPACEFLIGHT NOW
Posted: November 30, 2010
The U.S. Air Force's clandestine X-37B space plane will glide back to Earth as soon as Friday and land on a concrete runway in California, the military announced Tuesday.
The X-37B spaceplane sits on a runway at Vandenberg Air Force Base during prelaunch taxi tests. Credit: U.S. Air Force
The X-37B spacecraft, also called the Orbital Test Vehicle, has been circling Earth since April 22 conducting classified tests and technology demonstrations while under the watchful eye of amateur observers on the ground.
The two-paragraph statement issued by the 30th Space Wing at Vandenberg Air Force Base says the "exact landing date and time will depend on technical and weather considerations," but it is expected between Friday and Monday.
Preparations for the landing are underway at Vandenberg, the statement said.
Landing opportunities are available in the early morning Pacific time, according to multiple sources.
The winged spacecraft will fire its main engine to drop from orbit and descend through the atmosphere, braving searing hot temperatures over the Pacific Ocean under an insulating shield of blankets and ceramic tiles.
It will be the first attempted fully autonomous re-entry and runway landing from orbit in the history of the U.S. space program. The Soviet Union's Buran space shuttle accomplished the feat in a single automated test flight in 1988.
The X-37B final approach will be guided by a differential Global Positioning System precision landing system to feed navigation data into the craft's flight computer, giving the vehicle cues as it flies toward Vandenberg and lines up with the runway.
The space plane will arrive near the landing site and align with the runway for a steep final approach glide. In the last few seconds of the flight, the craft will flare its nose, deploy its tricycle landing gear and slap down on the runway.
The craft carries a destruct system to terminate the flight if it veers off course.
Vandenberg's runway is 15,000 feet long and stretches from northwest to southeast.
Edwards Air Force Base is an alternate landing site for the mission.
The Air Force did not provide any more details Tuesday, but a Pentagon spokesperson said more information could be released later this week.
Before Tuesday's terse press release, the Air Force was mum on progress of the X-37B mission since it entered a news blackout about 17 minutes after launch April 22.
An artist's concept of an X-37 re-entry when the program was under NASA management. Credit: NASA/MSFC
Molczan, a respected skywatcher based in Canada, reports the space plane is now in a nearly circular orbit about 177 miles high with an inclination of 40 degrees.
A loosely-affiliated network of satellite observers has catalogued four major maneuvers by the X-37B since its launch. Once in August and October, then twice in November, observers lost track of the spacecraft only to rediscover the satellite in a different orbit.
Firings of the X-37B's powerful main engine, nearly the size of the space shuttle's primary orbit-changing thrusters, Oct. 6, Nov. 1 and Nov. 12 decreased the vehicle's altitude, a potential clue it was approaching landing.