Transhumanism

GregBurch

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I've started a new thread because this subject is quite far afield from the one out of which it sprang, and I thought I'd leave the "Patriot Act" thread for those who want to continue to discuss the theocratic fascist regime that took over in the US eight years ago -- just kidding.

So I've moved a couple of the last responses over here to continue the discussion if anyone's interested. For what it's worth, I'll point out that in the 1990s I was personally very active in the transhumanist "movement," having been a regular speaker at conferences dealing with the subject, and participating in the then-very-active organizations that had formed around the issues.

(snip)Or, to use an analogy to Orbiter, the laws of physics that apply within the sim do not apply outside of it (very nearly, but Newtonian Physics is only an approximation, and even if Orbiter did simulate the laws of physics perfectly, it would not be Orbiter code that made the real Moon orbit the real Earth.) The laws of physics outside of Orbiter do not apply within the sim. They *do* however, determine how the computer the sim is being run on can be built, and how the hardware is built puts constraints on how the software must be put together. Reality inside the sim is not separate from reality outside the sim, it is a subset of reality outside the sim. And while certain laws of physics determine *for the most part* how things happen in the sim, there are "backdoor laws of physics" that determine how the sim interacts with the outside, the spacecraft control interface is one, the scenario editor is another.

Likewise, physical reality is not separate from "the supernatural," but rather a subset of it. And while the laws of physics determine *for the most part* what happens in physical reality, there are backdoor laws. To go back to the computer analogy, God can be considered a user of physical reality with admin priveleges. We can be considered users who each have direct control over one object in the sim.

It's interesting that you should come to this metaphor, because it's one that I find very apt. In fact, in my own personal philosophical vocabulary, I describe the traditional Western and Semitic monotheistic religions as advocating what I call "the videogame universe" in which we are characters in the game that has been written by God, the latter being able to use "cheat codes," change the underlying code entirely or simply grow tired of the game and switch it off to go do something more interesting.

I would say that your willingness to embrace this metaphor actually fully supports my assertion that traditonal notions of spirituality are premised on philosophical dualism. With respect, that is precisely what philosophers have meant for thousand of years when they use the term, so it seems to me that it's just as well if you go ahead and embrace the term: If it doesn't mean what you've described, then it doesn't mean anything.

BTW, the spate of "virtuality" movies from around the millenium (The Matrix, The 13th Floor, Existenz, etc.) were all struggling with the implications of this metaphor and, despite some gross failures to remain true to the premises in many instances, were some of the most thoughtful movies that have ever been made in terms of actually addressing deep philosophical issues. Interestingly, Hollywood's moved on -- apparently vampires and cheating housewives are now more profitable ...

Many religious people will object to various technologies by saying that pursuing those technologies is "playing God." I generally answer that sentiment with this scripture: "It is the glory of God to conceal a matter; to search out a matter is the glory of kings." (Proverbs 25:2, NIV).

Nevertheless, I do have some objections to human augmentation. With certain things it's more of a "Good luck" thing (ie, you can try human level AI and uploading if you want, but I don't think you'll manage it), but with other things it's more of a human rights thing. For instance, I don't think that germline genetic engineering of human beings is wrong in itself, but I do think that it runs into serious issues with things like experimenting on a subject that cannot give consent. If germline engineering is ever carried out on humans, I think it's likely that within a generation you'll get lawsuits from engineered individuals born with debilitating birth defects from botched engineering. Once it's actually carried out, I think a big portion of objection to such engineering will come from engineered individuals themselves. But in a perfect world, I don't think germline engineering of humans would be a bad or ungodly thing. The process just runs into problems with the fact that this isn't a perfect world, and that while progress is good, we can't run roughshod over other obligations to accomplish it.

Actually, a big part of the Christian worldview is that Adam and Eve sold all of our souls to the devil and got us into the current state of human nature, and that what Jesus did for us was to buy back our souls (or at least the souls of those willing to have their souls bought back) and make it possible to transcend our current state (our current state being less than what God intended). Of course, this is talking from the spiritual and not the physical perspective, but from the physical perspective technology and (if possible) transcendence are double edged swords: They make good people able to do more good and bad people able to do more evil.

To at least some degree, yes. I think you'll find that more than you think think like me (but probably not all). I have my doubts about the possibility of certain types of augmentation and I think other types can go horribly wrong, but insofar as things are possible and you can avoid abuses, I'm all for it, as long as you don't start thinking that it will create any more of a utopia than any other technology, or that augmenting yourself somehow makes you God.

Yes -- this is the more thoughtful and open-minded view I've heard expressed by some religious people. But I think you'll find it realtively rare among those who have letters after their name from academies of theology, or who hold positions in church hierarchies.

For what it's worth, Back in the 1990s, I thought that germ line engineering was somewhat of a red herring, since the period in which it would be relevant would be relatively brief -- or so I thought. More potent technologies would quickly supersede it, I felt. Now I'm not so sure we can avoid the issue by simply "blowing past it," since I'm pretty sure that the speed of technological progress has been slowed dramatically in the interim.

Addressing the larger question, though, the ultimate issue is how much weight we put on values of caution versus values of progress. The ultimate rhetorical weapon shared by almost all of the enemies of progress is to place greater weight on the caution aspect -- thus the infamous "Precautionary Principle." Herein lies a huge ground of discussion. Let me simply preview it by saying that humans are extremely poor at "gut" risk assessment for things that were not part of their pre-modern evolved environment (but are very good at assessing the risks of things like predator attacks or the immediate threat of falling out of tree, for instance). Much of the Precautionary Principle is based on rhetorically plugging into evolved human risk assessment for things to which it is ill-suited.

Is that "fact" backed up by any polling you know about, transhumanist or otherwise? I'd like to see how that opposition breaks down by faith/denomination.

No -- my view on this is purely anecdotal and personal. But I do know that the Vatican has explicitly come out against application of some of the basic tenets of transhumanism. I would expect that your typical urban Episcopalian would be pretty open to the basic ideas, again based on personal experience, while fundamentalist Protestants would more likely have a visceral reaction of blasphemy.
 
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Interestingly, Hollywood's moved on -- apparently vampires and cheating housewives are now more profitable ...

And pirates, who leave you the question: Do you think he plans it all out, or just makes it up as he goes along?

Think about it, when replacing the pirate with god...Do you think God plans it all out, or just makes up as He goes along?

:cheers:
 
I thought I'd leave the "Patriot Act" thread for those who want to continue to discuss the theocratic fascist regime that took over in the US eight years ago

Ah, you mean the one where GWB has a goatee and Dick Cheney can actually shoot straight? :)


-----Posted Added-----


Think about it, when replacing the pirate with god...Do you think God plans it all out, or just makes up as He goes along?
:cheers:

I think He is more like MacGyver: He plans it out, then adapts, and ends up having to work with the tools He finds. That would explain a helluva thing. I just hope he doesn't sport a mullet like Richard Dean Anderson's, that would be a serious blow to any believer.
 
I think you should have kicked off with a brief description of what "Transhumanism" is. If not, the discussion as it stands is pretty inpenetrable.
 
Am I getting the reference to "GWB with a goatee"? STOS alternative universe episode? If so, that's pretty damned obscure!

Yes, eeeeeevil mirror universe. Obscure? Not to us! Hehe, the little kids with their Hannah Montana stuff can never match our ubergeek prowess! (evil laugh).

I think you should have kicked off with a brief description of what "Transhumanism" is.

"Transhumanism" is when you have the technology to rebuild yourself and make you better, stronger, faster, and you actually do it.
 
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Thought I'd throw my hat in the ring here. I figured, what the heck?

From a genetic enhancement standpoint (if you consider that a form of technology that would qualify as being part of transhumanism), I would say I am against. Let me clarify. By genetic enhancement, I do not mean I am against engineering defenses into the human genome to fight infectious disease, combat cancer, be able to tolerate higher global temperatures etc. I merely am against, say, enhancing the physical or mental strength of a population for the purpose of getting more work done and making a rich company that much richer. No point to argue, I'm just against it.

From a technology standpoint (i.e., electronic brain/nerve implants and the like) I am divided right down the middle. On the one hand, there is the morality question. Being a Protestant with fundamentalist values, I struggle with the concept of man and machine becoming one. I believe God has given us everything we need to carry out our lives on this Earth. This is the one side of my belief.

The division within comes here: As a result of her premature birth, my daughter developed a condition at the age of 5 months that resulted in her losing sight in her left eye entirely, and only having peripheral vision (about 80% total) in her right eye. She is legally blind. This causes me more pain each day. I am a musician and poet at heart, and the thought of never being able to sit with her and enjoy a sunset or show her the moon is heart-wrenching.

There are studies going on right now with connecting digital optic devices directly to the optic nerve that if successful could one day restore her vision. I see this as a possible enhancement because it could just as easily be used on healthy individuals to improve their vision. Imagine not needing a telescope and tripod to survey a land plot, or not needing a telescope to see the Sea of Tranquility at 10000x magnification. Military applications are also numerous. The possibilities with digital optics are limitless and improving almost daily. If technology such as this could give my daughter back her sight, I am 2000% in support of it. Yes, I personally believe God has the ability to heal her eyes completely. Yes, I believe He answers prayer and I pray for her daily. But if he chooses not to do so, I will do everything I can to find a way for my daughter to be able to see. Some would see this as defiant and rebellious against God, citing that if her having sight was His will, He would do it. If that is true,then so be it. I believe we are no longer under the law, but under grace, and all that ask for forgiveness recieve it. If using technology to give sight to the blind is a sin, then consider me a sinner. If He does't forgive me for that, then He won't forgive a thief, or murderer, or adulterer, etc.

So, to sum up, I am for and against transhumanism, torn down the middle and supporting both sides, if that is indeed possible. Wishy-washy? No, just internally conflicted and yet logically in support of both views in certain circumstances.
 
You should watch the movie Appleseed, which presents a very nice angle on the effects of transhumanism.

Imagine this...
"He died because the battery in his brain leaked lithium..."
"I failed the exam because the IQ chip had a malfunction"
"Hey boss, I will be late for work because bionic legs suffered a malfunction."
"I can't swim at the sea. My bionic parts could be damaged by salt."
"Buy the new antivirus to prevent brain hacking..."
"And I had to help that blind man whose bionic eyes went out of battery"
"The patient has a rusty component in his brain"
"I could afford my life easily if it wasn't for the expensive maintenance of these old parts"
"Geez, my body implants are outdated and discontinued again, I will have to buy the upgrade"
"Download the latest service pack to fix the bugs in your brain implants"
"Mommy, this stupid kid beat me at school with his bionic fist"
"Minister was killed by an bionic arm mounted cannon"

A few weeks ago I saw a horrible experiment on TV, where a small electric car had a mouse brain implanted, which made it to move here and there. Taking a living creature and turning it into a guiding system for a toy seems a horrible concept to me.
 
"Transhumanism" is when you have the technology to rebuild yourself and make you better, stronger, faster, and you actually do it.

Isn't that simply the history of humanity? Stone points, throwing sticks, slings and bows are all enhancements. Levers and inclinded planes, eye glasses and anti-biotics, transfusions and organ transplants, in vetro fertilization and Viagra... where are you drawing the magic (entirely arbitrary?) line between ordinary enhancements and those needing a special name - Transhumanisim?

I suspect that the line is drawn at the threshold beyond which man is "playing God." But that line has been moving ever since man created God.

In the alternative, I suspect that your definition of Transhumanism is too simplified to be meaningful. So perhaps the question still stands: Transhumanism -- what the hell are we talking about?

------------

The foregoing posts bring to mind (my warped mind, anyway) this ethical question: If "engineered individuals born with debilitating birth defects from botched engineering" have grounds to sue their "creators," couldn't the blind daughter of n122vu sue her parents on the same grounds? Why would well-meaning genetic engineers be any more culpable than well-meaning but unfortunate biological parents?
 
There was some discussion of this when an amputee who had leaf springs for legs was disqualified from the Olympics. There were a few ludicrous statements about runners might be pressured to chop off their legs for more speed.

Luckily we already have some laws on the books against genetic discrimination (like in GATTACA).

Also, I want rocket boots.
 
From a technology standpoint (i.e., electronic brain/nerve implants and the like) I am divided right down the middle. On the one hand, there is the morality question. Being a Protestant with fundamentalist values, I struggle with the concept of man and machine becoming one. I believe God has given us everything we need to carry out our lives on this Earth. This is the one side of my belief.

Is it offensive that I consider it a failure of common sense that people who run the Earth are allowed to base their decisions and policies on their 2000 years old imaginary friends?
 
Is it offensive that I consider it a failure of common sense that people who run the Earth are allowed to base their decisions and policies on their 2000 years old imaginary friends?

Excellent question. Not offensive to me. My response would be that it seems that so-called "common sense" is really a relative term at this point. A society could simply say, "If you don't see it this way, then you have no common sense." I'm not going to delve into that can of worms at this time.

I don't feel the people who "run the Earth," as it were, base their decisions and policies on their beliefs. If this were the case and GWB acted for the US based on his so-called faith (another can I don't want to open), we would never have invaded Afghanistan or Iraq, but I'm not here to debate that point either.

I saw a Dateline/Nightline/whatever interview with GWB during his first term in which he said he does pray to God, but that he does not bring Him into his decisions about the country, which is surprising coming from a president that sponsors a so-called "faith-based initiative," which in my mind was just a catch phrase playing on the name of the Reagan-era Space-Based Initiative.

Short answer: I don't find your opinion offensive. If you choose not to believe in God or anything else, that's your choice. Doesn't change my mind or beliefs.


@ Usonian: You make a very, very good point. Just to clarify, and I'm sure you were just using my daughter as an example and didn't mean to imply anything, but her prematurity was a result of the fact that she stopped growing proprerly in the womb at around 18 weeks, for unknown reasons. Every known genetic test was performed again and again, and came up negative. Every viral, bacterial infection test came back negative. Science has no answer to why she stopped growing properly. Had it been something we could control, then based on your statement, it would follow that she could hold us responsible for her resulting conditions and take legal action. But we did everything under medical supervision and still weren't able to provide a proper environment for normal fetal development. In this situation, who would she sue? The medical doctors? The Bush Administration for not allowing stem cell research that might have led to discoveries that would have in turn led to a way to identify the problem in time to normalize the pregnancy and allow her to be carried to term?



Fascinating conversation you have started here Greg. I'm truly enjoyng this, indeed.
 
Usonian: You make a very, very good point. Just to clarify, and I'm sure you were just using my daughter as an example and didn't mean to imply anything, but her prematurity was a result of the fact that she stopped growing proprerly in the womb at around 18 weeks, for unknown reasons.

When I hit the Submit button I figured I was stretching the limits of instant Internet intimacy. I could have made my point with a hypothetical example, but it was your story that generated the thought, and it seemed more honest to address it directly. I certainly assumed that your daughter's condition was beyond anyone's control.

And so it will be for the inescapable mishaps that befall fallible genetic engineers. Although the public reaction will likely be different: Your situation is rightly met with sympathy and understanding, but the genetic engineers will be vilified.
 
Interesting texts you've generated, Greg. I'm wondering how much of this comes from your interest in sci-fi, as it certainly is one of the frames operating behind the genre.

I'm wondering if the monotheism/post-modernism dichotomy isn't an artificial one that mirrors the philosophies that both arise from. Really, much of the ideology operating behind Western science is jacked straight into the Cartesian mind/body split. It's why you'll still hear die-hards professing that animals don't really feel pain.

Still, with my own interest in this issue, primarily involving my own writing, thanks for making this thread. It's given me an opportunity to reflect some more on the topic.

Here's one for a possible "exception-to-the-rule," and I wonder where a character like this fits into the either/or equation. I'm not going to post any pictures or give any direct links as it might be outside the range of social acceptability of this forum. Look up Genesis P'Orridge on Goggle, and specifically look at the photos of this "chap" without a shirt.

The reason I'm bringing this person up, is s/he's the one who created Thee Temple Ov Psychic Youth. He actually was the equivalent of the Pope and then walked away from the whole enterprise. While the movement comes out of the Western Hermetic Tradition, it's obviously deeply "spiritual" or "religious" in its basis.
 
The links to sci fi (SF) are obvious, since SF deals with "what-ifs" and allows the writer to explore his own model of the universe.

I am not particularly religious, but I was raised in a church environment that eschewed genetic engineering. I mostly ignore it. The same church that once declared the Earth to be the center of the universe and burned people alive who argued with it is not exactly qualified to tell anyone which science is "good science", expecially since they later changed their mind when they couldn't ignore it any longer. Too bad for those crispy critters at the stake, I guess.

That said, the church is useful at least for popularizing the idea of a standard framework of morality and a code to live by. Many people like myself, I suspect, start out with the religious code and modify it to suit the physical 'verse as we see the need.

So, "transhumanism" to me just sounds like a class of technological advancements, and, my suspicions of who may use a new technoogy and for what, technology itself is not something to be frightened of, nor should we suppress knowledge of it. There are moral and ethical issues that have to be tackled as you go along, of course, but you can cross each of these bridges when you come to them. Stem cell research comes to mind (I won't spin off that tangent).

The real problem to me isn't using eye implants to enhance vision or genetic engineering to enhance abilities or eliminate diseases; these to me are obviously good things (and I grew up loving the Six Million Dollar Man, of course). You may run into problems with creating a new class in society or something, similar to Gattica, but that's not the technology's fault, it's a problem with your society, culture, and law.

No, the real problem is when you start stretching the definition and identity of a human. Taken to its logical conclusion, transhumanism may lead to the complete replacement of not only the biological human body, but of the individual human soul (or personality, or mind, or whatever word makes you comfortable). The monoliths of Arthur C. Clarke's 2001: A Space Odyssey, for instance, are the machine-descendants of a biological alien species that ceased to exist long ago. The aliens did more than just transfer their minds to the machines; they merged their minds together within the machine "hive" such that the idea of the individual no longer really holds a meaning for that species. A cruder SF example would be the Borg of Star Trek fame (although the Borg never truly lose their individuality, only suppress it).

The problems arising from advanced transhumanism tech are endless. If I "copy" my mind to a machine, does that machine now have rights to whatever I do? Is that machine a "human"? If I replace my entire body with hardware, what the heck am I?

Like a Phillip K. Dick story, the problem of self and identity is going to be the real hurdle to leap when this stuff becomes advanced enough, I think.
 
Having brain implants would be neat, but it can't beat several hundred million years of beta testing.
 
Anybody ever read Fred Pohl's "Man Plus?" (Rather than terraform Mars, Mars-form a human.) That would be an interesting UMMU mesh, might have to dig that book out.
 
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